Reading the Source Packet
Preview, annotate, and categorize source packets by claim, evidence type, perspective, credibility, and usefulness.
A lesson of AP English Language and Composition, in Synthesis Essay, about 10 minutes.
Reading the Synthesis Source Packet
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and process the AP Language synthesis source packet efficiently, identify key claims and evidence, and prepare to write a well-sourced synthesis essay.
What Is the Synthesis Essay?
AP Language Q1 (Synthesis) gives you 6-7 sources on a focused topic and asks you to take a position and support it by synthesizing (combining, connecting, conversing with) evidence from at least three sources.
Total time: 15 minutes reading/planning + 40 minutes writing.
The key skill: using sources as supporting evidence for YOUR argument — not summarizing them.
Processing the Source Packet Efficiently
Time budget: 15 minutes for 6-7 sources. That's about 2 minutes per source.
For each source, identify:
- Position: what is the source's central claim or perspective?
- Key evidence: what is the most compelling piece of data, example, or argument?
- Potential use: does this source support, counter, or complicate your position?
Annotation strategy:
- Circle or underline the main claim sentence
- Note 1-2 pieces of compelling evidence
- Mark with "+" (supports my argument), "-" (challenges it), or "~" (complicated/nuanced)
Understanding Source Types
Sources on the AP exam may include:
- Argumentative essays — take a clear position; use as agreement or opposition
- Informational/statistical — provide data; use to support or contextualize claims
- Historical documents — provide precedent or context
- Editorial cartoons or images — often ironic; interpret the visual argument
- Personal narratives — provide emotional grounding; use carefully (one example ≠ proof)
Identify the source type because it affects how you use it:
- Statistical data: "According to [Source C], 73% of..."
- Expert testimony: "[Source B], a professor of environmental science, argues..."
- Personal narrative: "While [Source D]'s experience illustrates..."
What Makes a Source Useful?
Best sources for your essay:
- Provide specific data or evidence, not just opinions